How can an offender plea not guilty if he/she made a statement to the police or there are witnesses to the crime?

Our Constitution was written to protect the innocent that may be accused of a crime. Although an offender may have witnesses against them or made a statement to the police, they still have a right to a fair trial. At trial, the State of Illinois is required to show the evidence and testimony proving beyond a reasonable doubt the defendant's guilt. All offenders accused of a criminal act regardless of witnesses or evidence against them, are viewed innocent by the criminal court until they either plea guilty in court or are proven guilty by trial. 

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1. What is a public defender or defense attorney?
2. Who is the defendant/offender?
3. What is a bond hearing?
4. What is the difference between a criminal case and civil case?
5. What is a preliminary hearing?
6. What is a Grand Jury?
7. What is an indictment?
8. What is an arraignment?
9. What is a pre-trial?
10. How can an offender plea not guilty if he/she made a statement to the police or there are witnesses to the crime?
11. Who decides if the defendant pleas guilty or goes to trial?
12. What is the purpose of a trial?
13. What is a sentencing hearing?
14. What is a pre-sentence investigation (PSI)?
15. What is a negotiated or plea agreement?
16. What is the difference between a misdemeanor and a felony?
17. What happens if the defendant is sentenced to the Department of Corrections (prison)?
18. How much of the sentence will a defendant have to actually serve?